Phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Aesculus assamica led to the isolation of two new triterpenoid saponins. The structure of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 28- O -acetyl-21- O -(4- O -angeloyl)-6-deoxy-β-glucopyranosyl-3- O -[β-glucopyranosyl(1—2)- O -[β-glucopyranosyl(1—4)]-β-glucuronopyranosyl]protoaescigenin (1), and 21- O -(4- O -angeloyl)-6-deoxy-β-glucopyranosyl-3- O -[β-glucopyranosyl(1—2)- O -[β-glucopyranosyl(1—4)]-β-glucuronopyranosyl]protoaescigenin (2). Their in vitro bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungus Pyricularia oryzae and cytotoxicity against K562 and HCT-15 cell lines were evaluated.