From the twigs of Scleropyrum wallichianum , a new unsaturated carboxylic acid, scleropyric acid (1), two new esters, β-sitosteryl-3- O -scleropyrate (2) and stigmasteryl-3- O -scleropyrate (3), and two well-known sterols, β-sitosterol (4) and stigmasterol (5), were isolated and characterized using spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 exhibited antimycobacterial activity with an MIC value of 25 μg/ml and showed antiplasmodial activity with an IC₅₀ value of 7.2 μg/ml. Compounds 2 and 3 were inactive in both assays.