摘要:AbstractIn this paper, a data-driven or model-free approach is presented to design a fault detection system of continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems based on input and output data in the time domain. The main idea is to directly identify the subspaces and their related matrices relevant for parity-space-based residual generation based on a modulated output equation by use of modulation functions and their properties. Therefore, the explicit model identification of the process for a model-based approach in a conventional two-step procedure can be avoided saving design effort especially for large-scale systems. A simulation of the resulting fault detection system is provided showing the effectiveness of the design approach.