标题：The Relationship between Vesicoureteral Reflux in Infants with Nephrolithiasis and Microlithiasis without Hydronephrosis and Urinary Tract Infection base of ultrasonography finding: A Cross-Sectional Study
期刊名称：International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education
电子版ISSN：1308-5581
出版年度：2022
卷号：14
期号：1
页码：2349-2356
DOI：10.9756/INT-JECSE/V14I1.275
语种：English
出版社：International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education
摘要：Background: Infantile nephrolithiasis (IN) is a serious medical condition and its incidence has increased recently. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can be considered as a possible cause of infantile nephrolithiasis (IN). In patients with VUR, renal scarring can occur with UTI therefore, identifying reflux to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scarring is of particular importance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between urinary reflux in infants with nephrolithiasis and Microlithiasis without Hydronephrosis and UTI. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 144 children under the age of 12 months (63 girls, 81 boys) diagnosed with Microlithiasis. All clinical and laboratory data were evaluated including age and sex distribution, presence and severity of reflux, presence of urinary tract abnormalities, UTI, hydronephrosis, and analysis of size, number, and position of stone. A diagnosis of microlithiasis was made if the image shows calculus with posterior shadow <3mm and nephrolithiasis 3mm< on the renal ultra-sonography. Patients with urinary tract abnormalities and UTI were excluded from our study. Results: Among 144 infants with kidney stones 45.8% had VUR so the differences between frequency of VUR and kidney stone were significant (P = 0.045). Our results showed that 31% of patients with unilateral stones and 52% of patients with bilateral stones had VUR, which was statistically significant (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our data suggest that VUR is significantly associated with renal microlithiasis and nephrolithiasis in infants without previous UTI or hydronephrosis.
