摘要：The aim of this study is to trace the disaster events such as epidemic diseases, earthquakes, fires, famine, and harsh climatic conditions experienced on Anatolian lands in the 19th and 20th centuries and to ensure the survival efforts of children who constitute the most vulnerable groups of the society in these processes within the context of state, school, and society. This study is qualitative according to its philosophy and perspective, documentary according to data collection techniques, secondary (unresponsive) according to the characteristics of the data used, and a basic research according to its purpose. The current situation in this study is in the survey model because it is examined from various aspects. Documents regarding the disasters experienced in the lands of the Ottoman State in the 19th and 20th centuries were analyzed using document analysis and second-level inductive analysis techniques. These analyses are pedagogical and socio-cultural. They aim to illuminate the historical, pedagogical, cultural, and sociological background of the disasters. The results of the study reveal that the children and the poor were severely affected during the disasters, especially during pandemics. Although the efforts of the state itself were insufficient from time to time, state schools and some private schools played active roles, and some intellectuals tried to raise awareness to keep students and schools less affected during those times. It has always been important to establish a system in which children are least affected under any circumstances and to build a more protective order for children, and this will continue to be important in the future.
