标题：Effectiveness Of Reinforcement Technique During Counseling For The Students With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Gender Based Comparative Study
摘要：School psychologists play an important role in the academic life of students with ADHD because counseling provided by them is helpful in positively modifying student’s behavior. Reinforcement techniques help psychologists during counseling to improve the performance of student with ADHD on certain tasks like behavior tasks and social interaction. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of school psychologists regarding the effectiveness of reinforcement techniques during counseling of the students with ADHD also explore the perception of school psychologists about effectiveness of reinforcement techniques based on gender. Qualitative research design was used in this study while the nature of the study was phenomenological. This study also based on Skinner’s reinforcement model. Interview guide was based on structured interview guide with selected school psychologists. Fourteen (7 Female and 7 Male) school psychologists were selected through purposive sampling techniques in different special education centers of Lahore, Kamonki, Hafizabad and Gujranwala. Four open-ended questions were developed in an interview guide. Structured interview was conducted through school psychologists, having at least 30 minutes. The collected data were analyzed through Microsoft excel sheets. The findings of the study show that most of the female participants stated that reinforcement technique are best for ADHD children and they use tangible reinforcement during their session. They elaborate that reinforcement techniques include giving rewards like candies or biscuits, clapping or appreciating him/her. They give reinforcement immediately increases the attention span of the child and improve sitting behavior that is very helpful to convey the message in a next session easily. They always appreciate the children by given technique. In this way, they do some activities like jumping, swimming, and racing and art also this technique is very helpful to develop some skills like academic, social, dressing, cognition, receptive etc. This study recommended that for male school psychologists must adopt all therapies, strategies and also held workshops for awareness of parents, teachers and children must be organized. They also arranged some training workshops for school psychologists about the awareness of latest term and techniques of counseling.
关键词：School Psychologists;ADHD Students;Reinforcement Technique. Gender base analysis
