标题：Gratitude, Self-Regulation, And Academic Motivation During COVID-19 In University Students: Differential Associations For Earning And Non-Earning Students
摘要：It is known that we have entered in a challenging era when the educational systems are digitalized with a heavy reliance on digital technology. The challenge of keeping the students engaged, academically motivated, and self-regulated is common across grade levels, subject matters, and types of educational institutions around the globe. This challenge is particularly relevant to the students who work alongside education to meet their finances. This study was aimed at assessing whether earning and non-earning students would score differently on gratitude, self-regulation, and academic motivation during online education. A secondary objective was to assess whether gratitude and self-regulation would differently associate with specific academic motivation constructs across earning and non-earning students in online education. A cross-sectional research design was used and a sample of 247 participants (M age= 24.20 years, SD = 2.25 years; earning university students = 122 & non-earning = 125) was selected and approached through an online survey. The gratitude scale, self-regulation scale, and academic motivation scale were used to assess the levels of gratitude, self-regulation, and extrinsic and intrinsic academic motivation, in the sample. Results from t test analyses demonstrated that earning students scored significantly higher on four academic motivation outcomes including intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation towards accomplishment, extrinsic motivation of identified regulation, and extrinsic motivation of external regulation compared to non-earning students. Both the gratitude and selfregulation significantly and positively correlated with the 3 intrinsic motivation outcomes and 3 extrinsic motivation outcomes. Finally, analyzing the mediated moderation models, it was found that gratitude was strongly associated with all academic motivation constructs except extrinsic motivation of interjected regulation in earning students compared to non-earning students. Also, self-regulation significantly mediated the association of gratitude with all academic motivation constructs for all participants.
关键词：Gratitude;Intrinsic Motivation;Extrinsic Motivation;Self-regulation;Earning and Non-Earning Students;Covid 19 pandemic
