摘要：The fertilizer policy has been in place since 1970. Unfortunately, this policy still has shortcomings, especially in transaction costs. This study aims to examine the transaction costs of subsidized fertilizers at the level of companies, distribution, retailers and farmer groups. The research method consists of survey methods in several regions in Indonesia and secondary data analysis methods by comparing the estimated transaction costs of raw material gas fertilizer subsidies urea based on market prices and company benchmark prices. Determination of the survey area using a purposive sampling technique based on areas that receive a large quota of subsidized fertilizers. The results showed that there had been transaction costs for subsidized fertilizers at the level of companies, distributors, retailers and farmer groups in various presentations and amounts. The causes of transaction costs are bounded rationality, asymmetric information, complex institutional hierarchy, incomplete contractual and procedural errors in determining the RDKK of prospective recipients of subsidized fertilizers. The estimated potential transaction costs at the company level during 2017-2020 are around Rp. 20.4 trillion, while the potential transaction costs in 2021 are around Rp. 3.4 trillion.
