摘要：This paper studies the relation between foreign control and the likelihood of receiving modified audit opinions (MAOs) by private subsidiaries. To further analyze this relation, we partition MAOs based on their underlying reason: GAAP violations; opacity; and uncertainties, including going concern (GCUs) and other (non-GCUs). We observe a significantly greater incidence of MAOs in subsidiaries owned by foreign groups than in those with a local parent company. This result is mainly driven by opacity related MAOs. The evidence of a higher incidence of GAAP violation and non-GCU related MAOs in foreign owned subsidiaries is inconclusive; and MAOs related to GCUs are significantly less frequent in subsidiaries of foreign groups. In contrast to the results found in the public setting, our findings suggest that foreign control in the private setting is associated with more opaque companies. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the host-country, at the company level.
