期刊名称：Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
印刷版ISSN：0912-0009
电子版ISSN：1880-5086
出版年度：2009
卷号：44
期号：2
页码：178-184
DOI：10.3164/jcbn.08-235
出版社：The Society for Free Radical Research Japan
摘要：Gastro-intestinal mucosal cells have a potent mechanism to eliminate a variety of pathogens using enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species and/or nitric oxide (NO). However, a large number of bacteria survive in the intestine of human subjects. Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) is a Gram-positive bacterium that survives not only in the intestinal lumen but also within macrophages generating NO. It has been reported that E. faecalis generated the superoxide radical (O2−). To elucidate the role of O2− and NO in the mechanism for the pathogen surviving in the intestine and macrophages, we studied the role and metabolism of O2− and NO in and around E. faecalis . Kinetic analysis revealed that E. faecalis generated 0.5 μmol O2−/min/108 cells in a glucose-dependent manner as determined using the cytochrome c reduction method. The presence of NOC12, an NO donor, strongly inhibited the growth of E. faecalis without affecting in the oxygen consumption. However, the growth rate of NOC12-pretreated E. faecalis in NO-free medium was similar to that of untreated cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that the NOC12-treated E. faecalis revealed a large amount of nitrotyrosine-posititive proteins; the amounts of the modified proteins were higher in cytosol than in membranes. These observations suggested that O2− generated by E. faecalis reacted with NO to form peroxinitrite (ONOO−) that preferentially nitrated tyrosyl residues in cytosolic proteins, thereby reversibly inhibited cellular growth. Since E. faecalis survives even within macrophages expressing NO synthase, similar metabolism of O2− and NO may occur in and around phagocytized macrophages.
