摘要：Within a context defined by the rapid increase in the availability of data, combinedwith the complexity of data sources, infrastructures, technologies and actors involved indata sharing flows, the European Union (EU) is devising approaches that can reap thebenefits of data-driven innovation. The policy vision defined in the European strategy fordata [1] back in 2020 aims to make the EU a leader in today’s data-driven society throughan improved use of data across actors and sectors with the ultimate goal of making betterdecisions in business and the public sector. This is to be achieved in practice by using a setof interdependent legal instruments (see Figure 1), most notably the following: (i) the DataGovernance Act [2], creating processes and structures to facilitate voluntary data sharingby companies, individuals and the public sector; (ii) the Data Act [3], establishing rulesand conditions for a fairer access to and reuse of data from industry, including Internetof Things (IoT); and (iii) the upcoming Act on high-value datasets, complementing theOpen Data Directive [4] with a list of technical requirements and datasets that publicsector bodies are required to publish in machine-readable format, for free, and underopen licenses. In addition, the European strategy for data foresees the establishment of acommon European data space by combining sector-specific data spaces in domains suchas agriculture, mobility, finance and environment. This data space will act as a Europeansingle market for data and create value by incentivising digital innovation at scale.
