摘要：Identification of the ecosystem services provided by oak-dominated forests in southernSweden is a prerequisite for ensuring their conservation and sustainable management.These forests seem well-suited for multiple-use forestry, but knowledge is limited regarding how to manage them for multiple uses. Management for the production of high-valuetimber species like oaks and management to conserve biodiversity, or for cultural servicescan be in conflict with each other. This study evaluates the capacity of three contrastingmanagement regimes to provide societies with economic revenue from timber production,habitats for biodiversity and cultural services, and the study analyses associated trade-offsand synergies. The three regimes were: intensive oak timber production (A), combinedmanagement for both timber production and biodiversity (B) and biodiversity conservationwithout management intervention (C). We synthesized relevant scientific literature, governmental statistics and grey literature. Our assessments identified that Regime A providedthe highest levels of economic returns and the lowest level of biodiversity. Regime Cprovided higher levels of habitat provision but at expense of wood production andcultural services. In contrast, Regime B provided a balanced delivery of timber production,biodiversity conservation and cultural services. We identified several stand-managementoptions which provide comparatively synergistic outcomes in ecosystem services delivery.The use of these management options in combination with more traditional stand-management approaches may be a more effective means of achieving sustainable forest goodsand services.
