摘要：A growing number of nations aim to design coastal plans to reduce conflicts in space and safeguardecosystems that provide important benefits to people and economies. Critics of coastal and oceanplanning point to a complicated process with many actors, objectives, and uncertain outcomes. Thispaper explores one such decision-making process in Belize, which combines ecosystem servicemodeling, stakeholder participation, and spatial planning to design the country’s first integratedcoastal zone management plan, officially approved by the government in August 2016. We assessedrisk to three coastal-marine habitats posed by eight human uses and quantified current and futuredelivery of three ecosystem services: protection from storms, catch and revenue from lobster fishing,and tourism expenditures to identify a preferred zoning scheme. We found that a highly adaptiveteam of planners, scientists, and analysts can overcome common planning obstacles, including adearth of data describing the health of the coastal zone and the many uses it supports, complicatedlegal and political landscapes, and limited in-country technical capacity. Our work in Belize serves asan example for how to use science about the ways in which nature benefits people to effectively andtransparently inform coastal and ocean planning decisions around the world.
关键词：Coastal zone management;coastal and marine spatialplanning;sustainabledevelopment;InVEST;stakeholder engagement
