摘要：A growing concern is arising to recognize that ecosystem services (ES) production oftenrequires the integration of non-natural capital with natural capital in a process known as coproduction. Several studies explore co-production in different terrestrial ecosystems, such asagriculture or water delivery, but less attention has been paid to marine ecosystems. Coastalactivities such as aquaculture, shellfish harvesting, and small-scale fishing deliver importantbenefits for seafood provision, but are also inextricably linked to cultural and recreational ES.The degree to which co-production can determine the provision of ES in marine systems has yetnot been explored. This paper addresses this key topic with an exploratory analysis of casestudies where marine ES are co-produced. We look at five small-scale fisheries that range fromintensive semi-aquaculture in Galicia (Spain), to wild harvesting in Northern Portugal, anddiscuss to what extent co-production influences ES delivery. We find that a direct relationshipexists between co-production level and ES delivery in the case of provisioning ES (e.g., fishharvest), but not necessarily in the delivery of other ES. We also find that management practicesand property regimes may be affecting trade-offs between co-production and ES.
关键词：Marine ecosystem services;co-production;small-scalefisheries;shellfisheries;social-ecologicalsystemsnatural capital;nonnatural capital
