摘要：An Ecosystem Service Approach (ESA) is increasingly advocated for use in both environmentalmanagement and academic applications. However, despite extensive conceptual development, there are still very few examples of the effective use of the ESA for operationalmanagement. This contribution reports on the field application of the ESA at six marineand coastal case study sites. Each case study demonstrates a variation on an interdisciplinaryapproach to translate complex natural science data into ecosystem service terminology, andthen explores the usefulness of this information in a management context. From theseexperiences 6 key recommendations are made to aid the future application of the ESA: (1)Invest resources in collective planning of ESA; (2) apply dynamic and connected approachesincluding multiple ES; (3) undertake ESA at a local scale; (4) employ interdisciplinary research;(5) work proactively and transparently with data gaps and uncertainty; (6) record ESA andresultant impact. For each recommendation an accompanying discussion of state of the arttools and methods is provided to promote their attainment.
