摘要：The production of sufficient food for an increasing global population while conserving naturalcapital is a major challenge to humanity. Tree-mediated ecosystem services are recognized as keyfeatures of more sustainable agroecosystems but the strategic management of tree attributes forecosystem service provision is poorly understood. Six agroforestry and tree cover transitionstudies, spanning tropical/subtropical forest zones in three continents, were synthesized to assessthe contribution of tree cover to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Loss ofnative earthworm populations resulted in 76% lower soil macroporosity when shade trees wereabsent in coffee agriculture. Increased tree cover contributed to 53% increase in tea crop yield,maintained 93% of crop pollinators found in the natural forest and, in combination with nearbyforest fragments, contributed to as much as 86% lower incidence for coffee berry borer. In certaincontexts, shade trees contributed to negative effects resulting from increases in abundance ofwhite stem borer and lacebugs and resulted in 60% reduction of endangered tree speciescompared to forest. Managing trees for ecosystem services requires understanding which treespecies to include and how to manage them for different socio-ecological contexts. This knowledge needs to be shared and translated into viable options with farming communities.
关键词：Agroforestry;biodiversity;biological control;ecosystem services;pollination;soil health
