摘要：Respecting connections between the diversity of values and forms of knowledge is essentialto support a decision-making that fosters relationships between ecosystems and people.However, little theory has been developed for clarifying interactions between values andknowledge, and their relevance for environmental policy. We surfaced the overlooked relationship between values and knowledge by studying individual cognitive and emotionalprocesses during a guided visioning exercise in the context of the multifunctional landscapesof Östergötland, Sweden. We investigated these cognitive processes using 30 semi-structuredinterviews and questionnaires organized around three types of relationships: vision ⇔ values,vision ⇔ knowledge, and especially values ⇔ knowledge. The analysis of the relationshipbetween vision and values reveals that all types of values including core human values,relational, and intrinsic values are important in shaping the decision-making context in whichlandscape management visions arise. The relationship between vision and knowledgeuncovers the mix of experiential and theoretical knowledge that informs the decisionmaking context. Interviews unfold three modalities in terms of how values and knowledgerelate: i) linked and not necessarily connected (e.g. when individuals perceive a high conflictbetween their knowledge and their values leading to one construct silencing the other); ii)mutually reinforcing (e.g. when values and knowledge are seen as feeding into one another);and iii) intertwined (e.g. when individuals perceive that values and knowledge can co-exist).We discuss our findings in the context of their relevance for a collaborative decision-makingprocess for balancing consensus and dissensus in multifunctional landscapes.
