摘要：Addressing sustainability challenges in landscape management requires processes for coproducing usable knowledge together with those who will use that knowledge. Participatoryfutures methods are powerful tools for attaining such knowledge. The applications of suchmethods are diverse and understanding the intricacies of the knowledge co-productionprocess is important to further develop these research practices. To improve participatoryfutures methods and contribute to systematic and critical reflections on methodology, wepresent a comparative analysis of four research projects that applied participatory futuresmethods in the same study area. Conducted between 2011 and 2020, these projects aimed toco-produce knowledge about the future provision of ecosystem services in the Helge åcatchment area in southern Sweden. For structuring the post-hoc, self-reflexive analysis, wedeveloped a framework dividing the knowledge co-production process into three dimensions: settings, synthesis and diffusion. We based the analysis on documentation from theprojects, a two-step questionnaire to each research team, a workshop with co-authors andinterviews with key participants. The comparison highlights steps in project decision-making,explicit and implicit assumptions in our respective approaches and how these assumptionsinformed process design in the projects. Our detailed description of the four knowledge coproduction processes points to the importance of flexibility in research design, but also thenecessity for researchers and other participants to adapt as the process unfolds.
