摘要：SummaryNeuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an established method to study physiology, disease, and medication safety. However, the sequence of events in human neuronal differentiation and the ability ofin vitromodels to recapitulate early brain development are poorly understood. We developed a protocol optimized for the study of early human brain development and neuropharmacological applications. We comprehensively characterized gene expression and epigenetic profiles at four timepoints, because the cells differentiate from embryonic stem cells towards a heterogeneous population of progenitors, immature and mature neurons bearing telencephalic signatures. A multi-omics roadmap of neuronal differentiation, combined with searchable interactive gene analysis tools, allows for extensive exploration of early neuronal development and the effect of medications.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Multi-omics charting a new neuronal differentiation protocol for human ES cells•Single-cell analyses reveal marker genes during neuronal differentiation•Identified transcriptional waves similar to early human brain development•Searchable tools to visualize single-cell gene expression and chromatin stateNeuroscience; Cell biology; Omics
