ABSTRACT Utilising renewable energy resources has become an internationally popular and discernible trend. Current impact of the second oil crisis is still being felt, and the prospect of a third crisis emerging cannot be ignored. The time is appropriate to focus on the importance of utilising renewable energy resources. Eventually, of course, oil resource will be exhausted, and adequate preparation for that circumstance is necessary. This research focuses on the changes of the coal and oil market structures under the evolution of the world economy. The research fmdings would provide a reference for scholars and experts to investigate the impacts of these changes on the Australian economy.