In recent years, Item Response Theory (IRT) has been identified as a powerful tool for solving various problems in the measurement of organizational behavior. The characteristics of IRT, which provide amodel-based linkage between individuals' item responses and the latent trait, have many advantages which do not exist in classical test theory. In this article, the author conducted an extensive review of the literature in terms of applications of IRT to the measurement of organizational behavior. The review indicated that IRT had been increasingly applied to test development, test and item bias analysis, and equivalent language translation in the decade of the 1980s and the early 1990s. Applications of IRT to the fields of adaptive testing and adaptive measurement, however, were rare. The author discussed the theoretical and practical problems which should be overcome for further advancement in measuring organizational behavior by using IRT.