According to the view that the attribute of tones has two components: & ldquo;pitch & rdquo; (tone height) and & ldquo;chroma & rdquo; (tone chroma), absolute pitch (AP) is to be defined as the ability of & ldquo;chroma & rdquo; identification. The purpose of this study was to examine how well AP possessors of the ability to identify & ldquo;chroma & rdquo;, and non-possessors of no such ability could identify & ldquo;pitch & rdquo;. Subjects were 20 non-possessors, 10 AP possessors who were able to identify all tones' chroma (AP possessors [all]) and 10 AP possessors who were able to identify only white key tones' chroma (AP possessors [white]). According to our study, a pitch identification task showed differences among groups. AP possessors [all] showed to be superior to non-possessors. By contrast, AP possessors [white] proved to be the same as non-possessors. The results suggested that AP possessors [all] identified pitch absolutely, and non-possessors did it according to its relative heights of tones. AP possessors [white] showed confused error patterns.