In this paper, we construct a model for management of farmland in rural communities to examine the effect of change in farm laborers. Based on the rural community data of Ishikari and Sorachi regions in Hokkaido paddy fields, we empirically found that the decrease in and aging of farm laborers negatively contributes to farm management. The results also showed that community-level activity organized by multiple generations and large-scale infrastructural development positively contribute to the conservation of farmland. We conclude this paper by evaluating the importance of social and physical capital in providing sufficient farm laborin rual community. JEL Classification: Q19, Q24, R11, R14