The 50th anniversary of the establishment of the ECSC was held in the year 2000. I heard that in Europe a large scale celebration was held to commemorate the establishment of the ECSC, which had marked a starting point of the European Integration and the European Union. In this sense European integration movement owes very much to the ECSC. I do not deny this appraisal at all. In Japan some (and not a few) writers argue that the ECSC had made a great success since its establishment, making a common market of coal and steel (including iron ore), achieving high rate of increase in steel production, and made a base for heavy industry in Europe. Those spectacular achievement and success led to the establishment of an overall economic community including both industry and agriculture. In my report delivered at the 21th EUSA-JAPAN general meeting, I reexamined the above-mentioned appraisal. Summary of my argument is as follows. 1) ECSC established a spiritual prop and institutional base for the European Community. This must be highly appreciated. 2) At the time when Spaak Report was drawn up, ECSC was still in a transitional period, and commom market was not yet fully realized. Especially in the case of coal and iron ore, their import from abroad increased remakabaly. The rate of growth in steel production was heigher than other countries, but it decreased compared with the period preceding the establishment of the ECSC. 3) In 1954 the Treaty establishing the European Defence Community was rejected by the French parliament. This marked a turning point of sector approach method of integration. ECSC was standing alone with no other communities following behind. To find a way out of this difficulties, Messina Conference was held and this opened the way to the establishment of the European Economic Community.