People have had a desire to dye clothes throughout history. For this purpose, dyeing materials and agents have been developed through various thoughtful efforts. As a result, efficient applications of characteristic coloring materials of particular local areas are often found as archaeological evidence. Historical documents on the use of soil as a dyeing material are also found. Based on the measurement results of the size of the soil particles and dyeing states, we examined the relation between the size of soil particles and cellulose fiber, which has been a popular clothing material for ordinary people. Our study led to the following conclusions : 1) The dyeing of natural cellulose fiber with soil particles is influenced by the fiber width; 2) The diameter of soil particles effective for dyeing can be estimated from the fiber width; 3) The supernatant liquid extraction method is suitable for obtaining soil particles for cellulose fiber dyeing.