Fiber-optic sensors are applied to strain and/or deformation monitoring of ship structures. Bragg grating sensor, Fiber-optic Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) and Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR) are used as multi-locational, regional and distributed sensors, respectively. The optical fiber sensors are bonded to the steel specimens, which are subjected to tensile and bending loads. Effects of fiber types, splicers and coating material on the detected strain data were evaluated. Strain rate of the specimen under tension-tension cyclic load was well detected with the fiber-optic LDV instrument, which was newly developed in the present study. Strain of the tensile specimen statically loaded and unloaded was monitored with Bragg grating sensor, and the results were compared with those obtained with strain gauge and load cell. Stability and accuracy of Bragg grating sensor were well confirmed by the experimental study. Strain distribution along the beams subjected to the three point bend load was measured with BOTDR. Accuracy of location and strain level were satisfiable, but the stability of output level and repeatability of measred data were to be improved. No mechanical problem was observed in the optical fiber sensors bonded to steel specimen in the present paper.