期刊名称：Territoire en mouvement Revue de géographie et aménagement. Territory in movement Journal of geography and planning
印刷版ISSN：1954-4863
电子版ISSN：1950-5698
出版年度：2015
卷号：25
期号：26
DOI：10.4000/tem.2786
语种：French
出版社：Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
摘要：Si la mare de Baro est célèbre pour sa pêche annuelle rituelle, en revanche son fonctionnement hydrologique demeurait inconnu jusqu’à la mise en place d’un référentiel altimétrique pour le plan d’eau et la plaine alentour, mis en relation avec les hauteurs d’eau du Niandan. Les processus d’alimentation sont désormais cernés et une modélisation permet de mettre en évidence le rôle direct des précipitations et du ruissellement associé. La nécessité d’un « réempoissonnement » annuel impose cependant le maintien d’une connexion avec le cours d’eau. Pour cela, le barrage projeté de Fomi peut apporter une solution sous forme de crues artificielles peu consommatrices en eau du réservoir mais l’édification d’une passe vannée ou à batardeaux à l’entrée du chenal naturel dans le bourrelet de berge, permettant de gérer les niveaux de la mare et de la plaine rizicole, est impérative.
其他摘要：Among the succession of numerous small lakes along the floodplains of the Upper Niger and its tributaries, Baro lake in Upper Guinea is the best-known. It has been made famous by the annual fishing ritual that draws thousands of people to the banks of the Niandan. The hydrological functioning of the small lake was not known until an altimetric network was established for the water body and the surrounding plain and related to the flows of the Niandan. The processes via which the small lake is fed are now known and have been confirmed by a modelling test. Precipitation and the resulting runoff during the very rainy months of July, August, September and October account for the rise in the surface level of the small lake. The water level is sometimes constrained by high water in the Niandan, with which it is connected by a natural channel crossing the bank ridge. The prospect of the construction of Fomi dam means that questions should be asked about the fate of the small waterbody and the floodplain. Although farming around the small lake, and especially rice growing, can be conserved independently of the hydrological regime of the Niandan, the need for annual 'restocking' with fish means that a connection with the watercourse must be maintained. Fomi dam can provide a solution by means of artificial floods. Various scenarios are developed that aim at conserving fish migration and water levels that are satisfactory for rice growing while abstracting as little water as possible from Fomi reservoir. It is essential to build a gated fish pass or a pass with a cofferdam at the entry to the natural channel through the bank ridge in order to control the fall in water level.
