摘要：Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. Objectives: To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital/FMB/UNESP of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. Methodology: The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. Results and discussion: In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which is equivalent to an average of 52.45 kg/dia. In one month, the production is of approximately 1,573.5 kg/month. The establishment under study produced approximately 5.77 kg/bed/day per patient of biological waste and 0.23kg/ bed/day of common waste. The rate for dangerous health care waste as 96,38 %, The rate for infectious health care waste was of 96.38%; the variation in the proportion of waste from Group A was of 96.38%, and that from Group D was 3.62%. Concluding remarks: It was possible to observe that efforts have been made in relation to producing sources, particularly in the phases of segregation and packaging of waste in Group A. However, little attention is given to other waste types, which are usually packaged without a recycling perspective and are disposed of conjointly with those considered to be of biological risk. It is essential that all professionals involved in HCW manipulation be trained on the relevant aspects related to the manipulation and inadequate disposal of such waste as well as on the importance of recycling and its implantation in their establishments.
其他摘要：Health care waste (HCW) is the type of waste that results from activities performed in health care services during care provision to humans or animals. Presently, according to RDC 306/04, issued in 2004 by Anvisa, and Resolution no. 358/05, by CONAMA, waste groups have the following classification: Group A (biological waste), Group B (chemical waste), Group C (waste containing radionucleotides), Group D (common waste) and Group E (piercing and cutting waste). In Brazil, 149 tons of wastes are collected every day, and HCW corresponds to approximately 1% to 3 % of that total. An efficient way to adequately manage HCW is through the Health Care Waste Management Plan (HCWMP), and it is possible to reduce the risk posed by certain materials in addition to ensuring disposal in an ecologically correct and economical fashion. According to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the management process enables health care establishments to adequately manage waste. Hence, there is greater control and reduction in the health risks caused by infectious or special waste, in addition to facilitated recycling, treatment, storage, transport and final disposal of solid hospital waste in an environmentally safe fashion. Objectives: To evaluate the management of HCW of Groups A and D from the Intensive Care Unit of the University Emergency Hospital/FMB/UNESP of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. Methodology: The waste flow was followed up, and during four random days in the month of September 2011, waste was quantified by estimating daily and monthly values, according to its classification. Results and discussion: In 2011, the University hospital has produced an average of 57,676.8 kg/month of biological and common waste. By adding Groups A and D, during the four days, approximately 209.8 Kg of waste (202.2 Kg of Group A and 7.6 Kg of Group D) were produced in the establishment under study, which is equivalent to an average of 52.45 kg/dia. In one month, the production is of approximately 1,573.5 kg/month. The establishment under study produced approximately 5.77 kg/bed/day per patient of biological waste and 0.23kg/ bed/day of common waste. The rate for dangerous health care waste as 96,38 %, The rate for infectious health care waste was of 96.38%; the variation in the proportion of waste from Group A was of 96.38%, and that from Group D was 3.62%. Concluding remarks: It was possible to observe that efforts have been made in relation to producing sources, particularly in the phases of segregation and packaging of waste in Group A. However, little attention is given to other waste types, which are usually packaged without a recycling perspective and are disposed of conjointly with those considered to be of biological risk. It is essential that all professionals involved in HCW manipulation be trained on the relevant aspects related to the manipulation and inadequate disposal of such waste as well as on the importance of recycling and its implantation in their establishments.
关键词：Waste management. Solid waste. Recycling.;Administración de residuos. Residuos sólidos. Reciclaje.;Gerenciamento de resíduos. Resíduos sólidos. Reciclagem.
