The development of a nation’s financial industry has been playing an important role in promoting the economic growth. The regional financial industry layout is an important factor affecting the local economic development. Therefore, it is significant to examine how the regional financial industry is organized. The financial structure optimization theory forms the basis for the study of the regional financial industry layout. Perspectives of the financial structure rationalization and sophistication can be adopted to examine the optimization of regional financial industry layout. The theory of industrial agglomeration, industrial cluster, and financial geography also contribute to the analysis of the financial industry layout and economic development. Financial industry cluster is the result of the financial industry’s constant aggregating. The clustering effect can stimulate the development of the financial industry, and thereby to optimize the regional financial industry layout. The regional financial industry layout’s effect on the local economic growth process can be analyzed through the observation of the process of the capital formation, the technological progress and the industrial structure.