The gender dimension is based on the idea that not the physical or biological differences between the masculine and feminine are significant, but the sociocultural meaning attached by the society to these differences. Gender specification of the sex is exposed quite early, but sometimes it is not noticed and the society, accordingly, does not pay much attention to it in the context of socialization of young people. One of the main reasons of the not entirely satisfactory health status of the youth in all its sides—physical, mental, and social—is at the root of this phenomenon. Despite the fact that at present, the findings of the social determination of the health status, its gender differentiation are generally recognized, the study of Russian students and their social health from the gender perspective has not yet become very popular in the sociological science. In this regard, the authors believe that at the level of sociological reflection, the development of a gender approach to the study of the social health of students, in the light of which this article analyzes the dependence on gender of the social health of students of the Southern Federal University, acquires critical importance.