Green revolution almost spent its resources, and scientists haven’t found the way for the quick increase of potential capabilities of newly bred sorts of grain crops, grain legumes, and cereal crops, of potato, sugar beet, vegetables, and feed crops. Due to impossibility of use of ecological tools, there is a necessity for the search for new ways of providing food security. In this research, economic mechanisms of managing food security in the system “production-consumption-import” are developed. The authors analyze the notion and meaning of economic mechanism, determine the current state of food security of modern Russia in the system “production-consumption-import” in comparison with other countries, and determine problems and perspectives of its increase. As a result of conducted analysis, the authors come to conclusion that current food situation in Russia is characterized with features of chronic lack of food and incapability or lack of wish of their authorities to solve this problem. Socio-economic state of agriculture does not ensure the economic accessibility of food products for all groups of population. As the key economic mechanisms for managing food security, this research offers the formation of growth poles, or economic cores, and creation of agricultural clusters.