This scientific paper examines the concept of unfair competition existing in international and Russian law and legal literature. It identifies and explores distinctive characteristics comprising this legal phenomenon. The authors analyzes the types of liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for unfair competition in the commodity market. It is administrative, criminal and civil law types of legal liability. The paper examines some of the offenses entailing a public responsibility. The antitrust bodies practice research can help to improve Russian antitrust laws and law of foreign countries.