Abstract

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) computational code was implemented to solve conservation equations based on finite volume method as to simulate 1.8 L Ford diesel engine. Velocity and pressure of each computational cell is achieved by SIMPLE (semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations) algorithm. For the exergetic aspect, the initial condition is set at 0.1 MPa and 300 K. The engine modeling is performed with 130 °, 140 °, and 150 ° with respect to x ‐axis under 1500 and 2500 rpm engine speeds. The results, however, indicate better air/fuel mixture (near stoichiometric equivalence ratio) for 130 ° of injection angle, albeit smaller spray droplets (lower sauter mean diameter) were introduced with 140 °. It is seen that higher soot and NO x mass fraction is attributed to 1500 rpm engine speed. The highest NO x and soot are exhausted at 130 ° and 150 ° of injection, respectively. Second law efficiency was calculated for different spray angle and engine speed schemes such that 36.62%, 30.2%, and 32.07% are associated with 130 °, 140 °, and 150 ° of injection angle under 1500 rpm, respectively. In terms of engine performance, that is, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated specific fuel consumption, and temperature, the best performance metrics are of 130 ° equal to 15.4 bar, 0.3856 kg/kW‐h, and 2074.97 K under 1500 rpm, respectively. Instant irreversibility rate is the highest amount with peak value of 17.48 J/deg for 130 deg‐1500 rpm, while 140 ° shows higher mean irreversibility rate over crank angle ( CA ) period.

This paper deals with the balance of energy and exergy equations when three different inection orientation of 130, 140, and 140 deg was employed. These angles can define the tumble/swirl motion, the flow pattern, and pressure magnitude within the chamber. The exergetic terms in combustion chamber were evaluated for the first time as the injection angle was varied as shown in this illustration.