This study investigated the process of longitudinal development of rebound jumping (RJ) and running ability in preschool children over a period of one year. The subjects included 24 boys (4 years) and 13 girls (4 years). The measurements used for this purpose were the counter movement jumping (CMJ) height, the consecutive RJ index (jump height and ground contact time), and the velocity during a 20 m run. The main results obtained were as follows: 1) The CMJ height, RJ index, RJ jump height, and velocity during the 20 m run were significantly higher in 2013 when compared with the values for 2012. In addition, the RJ contact time was significantly shorter in 2013 than in 2012. 2) The rates of change in CMJ ability, RJ ability, and the 20 m run velocity did not correlate significantly with the rate of change in body height. The rate of change in RJ ability was correlated significantly only with the rate of change in the 20 m run velocity. These results suggest that RJ ability affects the development of running ability. In addition, exercises similar to RJ can potentially lead to effective longitudinal development of running ability.