The main topics presented in this paper are following:1 Essence and the tools of the economic mechanism of management of water resources; 2 Taxes on water consumption; 3 Tariffs for services of water supply and sewerage; 4 administrative penalties for infringements of use and protection of water resources; 5 The grants for the rational use and protection of water. In the Dniester Basin have been concentrated the majority of water resources, of urban, industrial and agricultural centers. Thus, this basin holds over 90% of water consumption, most of which are captured from surface sources and used by industrial enterprises from the left bank of Dniester, especially by Thermoelectric Plant (TEP) from Dnestrovsk. On the right bank of Dniester it is noted communal enterprises, agricultural and food industry, and in most of the localities water is captured from groundwater sources. Actual amount of water tax is very low, which conditioned the increased of water consumption and irrational use of these limited resources