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  • 标题:Faulting of Rocks in a Three-Dimensional Stress Field by Micro-Anticracks
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:H. O. Ghaffari ; M. H. B. Nasseri ; R. Paul Young
  • 期刊名称:Scientific Reports
  • 电子版ISSN:2045-2322
  • 出版年度:2014
  • 卷号:4
  • DOI:10.1038/srep05011
  • 出版社:Springer Nature
  • 摘要:Nucleation and propagation of a shear fault is known to be the result of interaction and coalescence of many microcracks. Yet the character and rate of the microcracks' interactions, and their dependence on the three-dimensional stress state are poorly understood. Here we investigate formation of microcracks during sandstone faulting under 3D-polyaxial stress fields by analyzing multi-stationary acoustic waveforms. We show that in a true three-dimensional stress state (a) faulting forms in a orthorhombic pattern, and (b) the emitted acoustic waveforms from microcracking carry a shorter rapid slip phase. The later is associated with microcracking that dominantly develops parallel to the minimum stress direction. Our results imply that due to inducing the micro-anticracks, the three-dimensional (3D) stress state can quicken dynamic weakening and rupture propagation by a factor of two relatively to simpler stress states. The results suggest a new nucleation mechanism of 3D-faulting with implications for earthquakes' instabilities, as well as the understanding of avalanches associated with dislocations.
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