期刊名称：Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental
印刷版ISSN：0188-4999
出版年度：2013
卷号：29
期号：0
页码：45-64
语种：Spanish
出版社：Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera
摘要：Pesticides have been widely used for pest control. The current review was aimed to analyze the problem and the possible risks to the environment and the health due to the presence of pesticide residues in vegetables in Mexico. Methodological approach consisted on literature review in databases and scientific journals. The search gave more than 17 000 papers, and around 110 papers were used, taking into account the diversity of research that demonstrated the presence of pesticides in vegetables in a wide and complex range of possibilities in topics and approaches. The whole analysis allowed the understanding of issues, risks and actual impacts. The results indicated that in Mexico, even though several harmful pesticides have been banned, they are authorized, even some that are banned in other countries; it is reported a number of obsolete products in use or improper storage, that pose risks to the environment; the presence of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits is frequent, being reported in over 50 % of the samples tested in national monitoring and in products exported to the United States in specific studies. In most of the cases maximum residue levels (MRL) are not exceeded. The risks on human health and ecosystems have been documented by several authors, highlighting a technical and social problem which requires the search for alternative biological, chemical and integrated management that meet the needs of farmers without neglecting the quality of the products. Also it is necessary to review and update the MRL for pesticide-crop combination in various chemicals and crops of interest, a continuous monitoring is necessary to provide reliable results and to allow the generation of policies regarding marketing, mobility, use and handling of pesticides, and to reduce risk.
其他摘要：Pesticides have been widely used for pest control. The current review was aimed to analyze the problem and the possible risks to the environment and the health due to the presence of pesticide residues in vegetables in Mexico. Methodological approach consisted on literature review in databases and scientific journals. The search gave more than 17 000 papers, and around 110 papers were used, taking into account the diversity of research that demonstrated the presence of pesticides in vegetables in a wide and complex range of possibilities in topics and approaches. The whole analysis allowed the understanding of issues, risks and actual impacts. The results indicated that in Mexico, even though several harmful pesticides have been banned, they are authorized, even some that are banned in other countries; it is reported a number of obsolete products in use or improper storage, that pose risks to the environment; the presence of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits is frequent, being reported in over 50 % of the samples tested in national monitoring and in products exported to the United States in specific studies. In most of the cases maximum residue levels (MRL) are not exceeded. The risks on human health and ecosystems have been documented by several authors, highlighting a technical and social problem which requires the search for alternative biological, chemical and integrated management that meet the needs of farmers without neglecting the quality of the products. Also it is necessary to review and update the MRL for pesticide-crop combination in various chemicals and crops of interest, a continuous monitoring is necessary to provide reliable results and to allow the generation of policies regarding marketing, mobility, use and handling of pesticides, and to reduce risk.
