期刊名称：History Studies : International Journal of History
印刷版ISSN：1309-4688
电子版ISSN：1309-4173
出版年度：2013
卷号：5
期号：2
页码：57-77
DOI：10.9737/historyS_846
出版社：History Studies : International Journal of History
摘要：Bu çalýþmada Ýngiliz-Ýran Petrol Þirketi'nin Ýran'daki petrol arama faaliyetleri, bu faaliyetlerin Ýran ve bölge siyasetindeki yansýmalarý ele alýnmýþtýr. Petrol, 19. yüzyýlýn ikinci yarýsýndan günümüze kadar dünya siyasetini belirleyen en önemli unsurlardan biri olmuþtur. 1840'da ilk petrol rafinerisinin Ýskoçya'da kurulmasýndan sonra bunun birçok alanda kullanýlabileceðini fark eden batýlý devletler teknolojik yeterliklerini saðladýktan sonra dünyanýn çeþitli yerlerindeki petrol kaynaklarýna yönelmiþlerdir. Bu nedenle dünya petrollerinin kolay ulaþýlabilir rezervlerinin yüzde 80'inin bulunduðu Ortadoðu kýsa sürede büyük güçlerin mücadele alaný haline gelmiþtir. Bu mücadelede ilk harekete geçen devletlerden biri de Ýngiltere olmuþtur. 1901 yýlýnda Ýngiliz milyoner William Knox D'Arcy 60 yýllýðýna Ýran topraklarýnda petrol arama imtiyazý almýþtýr. Ýki taraf arasýnda yapýlan antlaþma gereði çýkarýlacak petrolün yüzde 16'lýk hissesi Ýran Devleti'ne yüzde 84'lük kýsmý ise þirkete ait olacaktý. Bu antlaþma ile yaklaþýk 70 yýl sürecek olan Ýngiltere'nin Ýran petrolleri üzerindeki hâkimiyeti de baþladý. Yapýlan çalýþmalar neticesinde 1908'de Mescid-i Süleyman þehrinde ilk petrol bulunmuþtur. Hemen akabinde Anglo-Persian Oil Company (Ýngiliz-Ýran Petrol Þirketi) kuruldu. 1914'te þirketin yüzde 52'lik hissesi bizzat Ýngiliz hükümeti tarafýndan satýn alýndý. 1955'te þirketin adý The British Petroleum Company olarak deðiþtirildi. Þirketin Ýran'daki faaliyetleri 1979 Devrimi'ne kadar devam etmiþtir.
其他摘要：This article examines the oil exploration activities of Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Iran and the reflections of this enterprise on regional politics. From the second half of the 19th century to the present, oil politics has dominated world politics. After the establishment of the first oil refinery in Scotland in 1840, the Western powers realized that oil could be used in many areas; therefore they turned their attention to oil resources in various parts of the world. For this reason, the Middle East, which owned around 80 per cent of the world's readily-accessible reserves, became a battleground of the great powers. Britain was the leading country in this struggle. In 1901, William Knox D'Arcy, an English millionaire, got a concession for oil exploration in Iran for 60 years. According to the agreement the Iranian government was to receive only 16 per cent of the oil company's annual profits while the D'Arcy Group collected the remaining 84 per cent. Iran's share reached to 20 per cent in 1933. The treaty between Iran and D'Arcy launched Britain's grip on Iran's oil which lasted approximately 70 years. The first oil reserve in Iran was found in Masjid-i-Suleiman in 1908. Subsequently, Anglo-Persian Oil Company was established. In 1955 the name was changed to The British Petroleum Company.
关键词：Ýngiliz-Ýran Petrol Þirketi; Ýngiltere; Ýran; Orta Doðu
其他关键词：Anglo-Persian Oil Company; Britain; Iran; Middle East
