摘要：The objective of this paper is to measure and compare the subjective time discounting of professional athletes and non-athletes. By using a questionnaire, we found higher subjective discounting for professional athletes than for non-athletes. We also found that the professional athletes' win-orientation positively affected their present preferences. On the other hand, professional athletes' play- orientation, which reflects their attitude towards the game itself, negatively affected their present preferences. No such effects were found in non-athletes. We argue that the ``win-at-all-costs'' competitive approach that leads athletes to sacrifice everything in order to win may cause (or reflect) their higher preference for the present.
关键词：discounting; risk aversion; sports; athletes; play orientation; win orientation; time preference.
