Higher education is one of the most important means to train the human resources required in every country in educational, research and health domains, and universities play a pivotal role in this regard. The postgraduate programs of medical sciences include master, Ph.D. in basic sciences and clinical specialty (residency) programs. The postgraduate programs of basic medical sciences (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) have long been established in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran and administered by universities of medical sciences. The diversity of these courses and related universities is being increased annually. However, the inefficiency of the graduate students of some majors and failure to achieve their formulated educational objectives necessitate a revision in the curricula and the acceptance process in these programs.