摘要：OBJECTIVE: To analyze household risk factors associated with high leadlevels in surface dental enamel.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 Brazilianadolescents aged 14–18 years living in poor neighborhoods in the city of Bauru,southeastern Brazil, from August to December 2008. Body lead concentrationswere assessed in surface dental enamel acid-etch microbiopsies. Dentalenamel lead levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrometry and phosphorus levels were measured by inductively coupledplasma optical emission spectrometry. The parents answered a questionnaireabout their children’s potential early (0–5 years old) exposure to well-knownlead sources. Logistic regression was used to identify associations betweendental enamel lead levels and each environmental risk factor studied. Socialand familial covariables were included in the models.RESULTS: The results suggest that the adolescents studied were exposed tolead sources during their fi rst years of life. Risk factors associated with highdental enamel lead levels were living in or close to a contaminated area (OR= 4.49; 95% CI: 1.69;11.97); and member of the household worked in themanufacturing of paints, paint pigments, ceramics or batteries (OR = 3.43;95% CI: 1.31;9.00). Home-based use of lead-glazed ceramics, low-qualitypirated toys, anticorrosive paint on gates and/or sale of used car batteries (OR= 1.31; 95% CI: 0.56;3.03) and smoking (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 0.52;5.28) werenot found to be associated with high dental enamel lead levels.CONCLUSIONS: Surface dental enamel can be used as a marker of pastenvironmental exposure to lead and lead concentrations detected are associatedto well-known sources of lead contamination.
其他摘要：OBJECTIVE: To analyze household risk factors associated with high leadlevels in surface dental enamel.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 Brazilianadolescents aged 14–18 years living in poor neighborhoods in the city of Bauru,southeastern Brazil, from August to December 2008. Body lead concentrationswere assessed in surface dental enamel acid-etch microbiopsies. Dentalenamel lead levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrometry and phosphorus levels were measured by inductively coupledplasma optical emission spectrometry. The parents answered a questionnaireabout their children’s potential early (0–5 years old) exposure to well-knownlead sources. Logistic regression was used to identify associations betweendental enamel lead levels and each environmental risk factor studied. Socialand familial covariables were included in the models.RESULTS: The results suggest that the adolescents studied were exposed tolead sources during their fi rst years of life. Risk factors associated with highdental enamel lead levels were living in or close to a contaminated area (OR= 4.49; 95% CI: 1.69;11.97); and member of the household worked in themanufacturing of paints, paint pigments, ceramics or batteries (OR = 3.43;95% CI: 1.31;9.00). Home-based use of lead-glazed ceramics, low-qualitypirated toys, anticorrosive paint on gates and/or sale of used car batteries (OR= 1.31; 95% CI: 0.56;3.03) and smoking (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 0.52;5.28) werenot found to be associated with high dental enamel lead levels.CONCLUSIONS: Surface dental enamel can be used as a marker of pastenvironmental exposure to lead and lead concentrations detected are associatedto well-known sources of lead contamination.
