摘要：OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão de atividade física de gestantes de baixo risco e os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 256 gestantes adultas no segundo trimestre gestacional, sorteadas dentre as assistidas pelas unidades de atenção primária à saúde do município de Botucatu, SP, em 2010. As atividades físicas foram investigadas por meio do “pregnancy physical activity questionnaire”, verificando-se tempo e intensidade de atividades ocupacionais, de deslocamento, domésticas e de lazer, expressos em equivalentes metabólicos dia. As gestantes foram classificadas segundo nível de atividade e em relação a atingir 150 min/semana de atividades físicas de lazer, variáveis dependentes do estudo. A associação entre essas variáveis e as socioeconômicas, características maternas, fatores comportamentais e modelo de atenção da unidade de saúde foi avaliada mediante modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, adotando-se modelo hierárquico. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das gestantes era insuficientemente ativa (77,7%), 12,5% moderadamente ativa e 9,8% vigorosamente ativa. Os maiores gastos diários de energia foram com atividades domésticas, seguidas pelas atividades de locomoção; 10,2% atingiram a recomendação de 150 min semanais de atividades físicas de lazer. Trabalho fora de casa reduziu a chance de atingir essa recomendação (RP = 0,39, IC95% 0,16;0,93). Ter tido pelo menos um parto anterior (RP = 0,87, IC95% 0,77;0,99) e excesso ponderal pré-gestacional (RP = 0,85, IC95% 0,731;0,99) reduziram a chance de ser insuficientemente ativa, enquanto consumir menos alimentos saudáveis teve aumento discreto (RP = 1,18, IC95% 1,02;1,36). CONCLUSÕES: Gestantes assistidas na atenção primária à saúde são insuficientemente ativas. Ter tido pelo menos um parto e apresentar sobrepeso pré-gestacional foram identificados como fatores protetores contra tal situação, enquanto consumo menos frequente de alimentos saudáveis foi fator de risco, sugerindo aglomeração de fatores de risco à saúde.
其他摘要：OBJECTIVE: To describe physical-activity patterns of low-risk pregnant women and investigate associated factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on a sample (n = 256) of adult pregnant women in their 2 nd trimester. The participants were randomly selected among those attending primary health care units in Botucatu in Sao Paulo State in 2010. Physical activities were investigated by using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and by analyzing the time and intensity of the following activities: occupational, commuting, household and leisure, expressed in metabolic equivalents/day. The pregnant women were classified according to their level of physical activity and to achieving 150 minutes/week of leisure physical activities, which were the dependent variables in the study. The association between such variables and socioeconomic variables, maternal characteristics, behavioral factors and the care model in the health care unit was evaluated by Poisson regression models with robust variance and by adopting the hierarchical mo del. RESULTS: Most pregnant women were insufficiently active (77.7%); 12.5% were moderately active and 9.8% were vigorously active. The highest daily energy expenditure was in carrying out household activities, followed by commuting activities. Only 10.2% of them followed the recommendation, successfully achieving 150 minutes of leisure physical activities per week. Having a job outside of the home reduced the chance of achieving such recommendation (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.16;0.93). Having at least one previous delivery (OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.77;0.99) and being overweight pre-pregnancy (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.731;0.99) reduced the chance of being insufficiently active whereas consuming healthy foods less frequently slightly increased it: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.02;1.36. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women who were cared for in primary health care units were insufficiently active. Having at least one previous delivery and being overweight pre-pregnancy were identified as protective factors against such condition. Less frequent intake of healthy foods was found to be a risk factor, therefore suggesting a cluster of health risk factors.
关键词：Gestantes; Atividade Motora; Atividades de Lazer; Estilo de Vida Sedentário; Fatores de Risco; Estudos Transversais.
