摘要：This article uses micro-data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey to analyze the impact of Spanish language proficiency on immigrants’ earnings. The results, based on Instrumental Variables (IV), point to a substantial return to Spanish proficiency, of approximately 20%. This fig- ure varies largely between high- and low-educated immigrants. The high- educated earn a premium of almost 50%, while the premium for the low- educated fails to be statistically significant under some specifications. This conspicuous complementarity between education and language skills poses a challenge for traditional language training policies that need to address the immigrants’ heterogeneous educational background.
其他摘要：This article uses micro-data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey to analyze the impact of Spanish language proficiency on immigrants’ earnings. The results, based on Instrumental Variables (IV), point to a substantial return to Spanish proficiency, of approximately 20%. This fig- ure varies largely between high- and low-educated immigrants. The high- educated earn a premium of almost 50%, while the premium for the low- educated fails to be statistically significant under some specifications. This conspicuous complementarity between education and language skills poses a challenge for traditional language training policies that need to address the immigrants’ heterogeneous educational background.
关键词：Immigration; Spanish language proficiency; earnings; instru- mental variables.
其他关键词：Immigration; Spanish language proficiency; earnings; instru- mental variables.
