期刊名称：Advances in Environmental Sciences - International Journal of the Bioflux Society
印刷版ISSN：2066-7620
电子版ISSN：2065-7647
出版年度：2015
卷号：7
期号：3
页码：369-382
出版社：Bioflux
摘要：Micro and macro environmental factors influence the genetics and physiology of plants during production season which creates the difficulties among the empirical evaluation of plant characters. Fiber quality of cotton is greatly influenced by temperature that seems to be the main barrier in early stages of fiber development whether the crop is sown early or late. Cotton fiber developments comprises four distinct discrete overlapping stages i.e. initiation, elongation, secondary cell wall deposition (SCWD) and maturation/dehydration which are accomplished in -3 to 50 days post anthesis (dpa). The fiber cell, internally occupied a large central vacuole (lumen), is progressively filled with cellulose deposited inside the primary cell wall (PCW) and secondary cell wall. Growth mechanism (diffuse versus tip) for rapid final elongation of cotton fiber is still debatable and no genes are still known to be specific for tip-growing cell types. Plant hormones including GAs (Gibberellic acid), Ethylene, Brassinosteriods (BRs), Auxin are also involve in fiber growth and development. The optimum use of various nutrients like N, P, and K play an important role in physiological maturity of cotton fiber. Most of the fiber traits are quantitatively controlled by the major and minor genes including their additive effects. The negative correlation is commonly observed between fiber quality and yield of seed cotton. Moreover, the amount of heterosis for fiber traits was usually lower (5-10%) than that for yield and its components as fiber traits are more affected by environmental factors. Various studies have supported simple selection methods to maintain the high heritabilities (h2 and H2) and genetic gain for fiber characters. Similarly, recurrent breeding followed by selection within the race population is useful for the accumulation of favorable dominant genes for good fiber quality. Marker-assisted selection and Linkage-Disequilibrium (LD) based association mapping is an alternative molecular strategy to dissect and utilized the natural genetic diversity conserved in cotton germplasm. High fiber quality is vital because its affects various modern textile technologies including dye ability properties, speed spinning methods to increase the textile products quality, yield and performance of machines.
