摘要：- Impedance is, in territorial statistics, the greater or lesser difficulty of a territory to be served/provided with adequate infrastructure and related services, useful for the improvement of the resident’s quality of life. In the opposite, a greater impedance implies a low attractiveness of the territory for the establishment of new productive activities. The purpose of this research is to provide a picture as comprehensive as possible of the existing methodology for the elaboration of impedance, providing practical applications in relation to the Tuscan territory. The methodology used in this paper is part of the category of models called “gravitational”, which are characterized by the denominator of the equation (index) that expresses the impediment in relation to accessibility between points in geographic space. In this case, the calculations have been made considering the cost of travel, which depends on the distance or travel time between points located on the transportation network that represent the points of departure and arrival. The processing affect the function of impedance by elaborating linear, exponential and logistic forms for the infrastructures related to hospitals with emergency rooms, upper secondary schools, airports, and railway stations. Processing separately covered the metropolitan municipality of Florence. The research highlights the main existing methodologies in relation to determining accessibility (attractiveness) of the territories, according to their infrastructural facilities and services. The analysis reveals the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the salient features of the equation used. In this sense, the research has produced a real benchmark between different approaches, using from time to time the variation of the impedance function.
