摘要：The work brings forward the results of our pedagogical research, the aim of which was to obtain and widen the knowledge of muscle imbalance developmental changes of 11 to 15-year-old pupils and possibilities of their remedy using compensation exercises during physical education and sport lessons. The objects of our observation were 32 pupils of an elementary school in Nitra, which were subject to our observation in the consecutive 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades. Totally 5 measurements of muscular imbalance were realized. An experimental programme focused on three most frequently shortened muscles, weakened muscles and broken motor stereotypes was implemented during 4 months between 2nd and 3rd measurements. Muscular imbalance was examined using the method by Janda (1982) modified for the purposes of physical education by Thurzova (1992). A high incidence of muscular imbalance was found in all 11 to 15-year-old pupils, with the differentiated incidence of the most risky muscular groups regarding age and sexual dimorphism. Results of the experiment have shown a positive effect of application of special exercises during P.E. and sport lessons, focused on the remedy of muscular imbalance. Having accomplished the experiment, without adequate compensation procedures, the motor system of the observed pupils responded by the commencement of reversible changes – by an increase in the incidence of indicators of muscular imbalance. We can assume that by early and adequate application of special exercises within P.E. and sport lessons it is possible to positively affect the incidence of functional disorders of the motor system of 11 to 15-year-old pupils in the following signs – shortened muscles, weakened muscles, broken motor stereotypes
关键词：muscles; imbalance; shortened; weakened; motor stereotypes; body posture
