摘要：In Europe, large numbers of finds related to literacy, dating from Antiquity to contemporary times have been uncovered in diverse archaeological contexts. Find categories include inscriptions on archaeological objects and structures, writing and reading implements, and components of books. Along with written sources, archaeological material is essential for studying and understanding literacy and its material aspects in different times, places and social and cultural contexts.1Some of the find contexts of artefacts related to literacy can be broadly categorized as ecclesiastical in contrast to secular contexts. The former category includes the interiors and exteriors of churches, convents, monasteries, parsonages (a secular space with ecclesiastical connections) as well as their broader surroundings. In this article, I focus on churches or their former locations in Finland. At these sites, the most frequent archaeological find group related to written culture is books, usually found in more or less fragmentary condition and even more frequently as individual book components
