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  • 标题:クラウチングスタートにおけるスターティングブロックの役割とその効果に関する検討
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:篠原 康男 ; 前田 正登
  • 期刊名称:体育学研究
  • 印刷版ISSN:0484-6710
  • 电子版ISSN:1881-7718
  • 出版年度:2015
  • 卷号:60
  • 期号:2
  • 页码:667-684
  • DOI:10.5432/jjpehss.14078
  • 出版社:Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
  • 摘要:

    Starting blocks are required for sprint starts in competitive races. Here, we examined the functional role of starting blocks at the start of a sprint. The participants were 9 sprinters (height: 174.8±3.7 cm; weight: 69.0±4.5 kg; personal best 100 m time: 10.89±0.34 s) who performed 2 kinds of sprint start: a crouch start with starting blocks (BS), and a crouch start without starting blocks (CS). Two force plates were placed under each block or under the participants' feet in the BS or CS, respectively, and were used to measure the force applied to the starting blocks or to the ground. Another 2 force plates were placed to measure the ground reaction force of the first and second steps after block clearance. The sampling frequency for these measurements was 1 kHz, and kinematic data were recorded using 4 high-speed cameras at 250 frames/s. Time from the start signal to take-off of the second step was significantly longer for CS than for BS, but there was no significant inter-group difference in the point of touchdown of the second step. The method of increasing the horizontal velocity of the center of gravity differed significantly by group and power in the horizontal direction during the block clearance phase, being significantly less for CS than for BS. Consequently, the horizontal impulse applied to the ground in CS was significantly less than that applied to the starting blocks in BS, and the duration of force application in CS was significantly longer. Furthermore, the horizontal impulse applied by the rear foot in CS was significantly less than that applied to the rear block in BS, and the horizontal impulse applied during the double stance phase in CS was significantly less than that in BS. These factors affect the extensional and rotational movements in the block clearance phase. Taken together, these results indicate that the crouch start can be effective when starting blocks are used. Therefore, starting blocks can be regarded as an essential tool for enhancing sprint start performance.

  • 关键词:短距離走スタート; 身体重心の挙動; ブロッククリアランス動作
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