摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth in Poland and four types of taxes and human capital investment. We primarily rely on an exogenous growth model that merg- es the Mankiw-Romer-Weil model, augmented with learning-by-doing and spillover-effects, with selected elements from the literature on optimal taxation. We demonstrate that in the period 2000- 2011, economic growth in Poland was primarily due to a rapid increase in the human capital stock (at a rate of 5% per annum) and only secondarily due to the accumulation of productive capital (2.7% annually). Simulations of tax cuts suggest that income taxes and consumption taxes restrict economic growth equally heavily. Simultaneously reducing all tax rates by 5 percentage points (pp) in Poland should increase annual GDP growth by approximately 0.4 pp. Increasing spending on education by 1 pp of GDP would increase the growth rate by approximately 0.3 pp
关键词：fiscal policy; income taxes; labor taxes; capital taxes; VAT; economic growth; human capital
