出版社：Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung
摘要：The resilience and growth prospects of a region depend crucially on the extent to which industry-specific human capital can be redeployed across the industries of a regional economy. To this end, we present a toolbox to analyse a region’s industrial structure, development prospects and economic resilience. With the help of this toolbox human capital similarities, or skill-relatedness, among industries are highlighted. The core of these analyses is the so-called industry space, a network that connects industries with similar human capital requirements. For the time period 1999 to 2008, a regional comparative analysis of three eastern German automobile regions, namely south-west Saxony (SWS), Eisenach region (EIS) and Leipzig region (LEI), is conducted. The objective is to highlight similarities and differences in the composition of the general automobile-oriented knowledge bases between these regions. In addition, the region-specific growth prospects of economic activities, in general and with a closer look at car manufacturers and automotive suppliers, are scrutinized and evaluated in greater detail for each region. This regional comparison is complemented by an investigation of the regional and industrial origins of labour inflows and by a simulation of labour shifts between shrinking and growing industries to figure out as to what extent redundant labour can be reallocated between skillrelated pairs of industries in each region under examination. In the following, the main outcomes of this regional comparison are summarized: The re-industrialisation process in the SWS and EIS regions was essentially brought about by the initial investments of the western German automotive groups VW, OPEL and BMW, while in the LEI region the automotive industries constitute a new core industry. It is unusual for a core manufacturing industry, associated primarily with the establishment of two major assembly plants, to develop in an urban region characterised by service industries. In fact, the location decisions of the two original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), Porsche AG and BMW AG, have proved advantageous as their factories are well embedded in this urban region as a result of the strong presence of skill-related services. It is by all means possible to speak of advantageous environment conditions for the motor vehicle manufacturers in the LEI urban region. However, this does not apply to the automotive suppliers to the same extent. The inadequate presence of skill-related manufacturing industries makes it more difficult for them to recruit specialists with the skills they require in their own region, such that the quality of the matching economies decreases for them. In the two other automotive regions, it is the automotive supplier industries which are quite well connected to other industries. The main difference between SWS and EIS can be seen in the embeddedness of the core industry of motor vehicle manufacturing. Whereas this industry is also very well embedded in the regional economy in SWS, in EIS the same industry cannot be seen to have either a high degree of embeddedness or of specialisation. The stability and the development potential of the automotive industry therefore appear to be largest in SWS.
